References (selected) - for
complete list visit www.pubmed.gov
or an internet search engine and conduct a literature search for
"intranasal medications" or other more specific key words of interest.
Ahmad, S., J.
C. Ellis, et al. (2006). "Efficacy and safety of intranasal lorazepam
versus intramuscular paraldehyde for protracted convulsions in children:
an open randomised trial." Lancet
367(9522): 1591-7.
Barton, E. D.,
C. B. Colwell, et al. (2005). "Efficacy of intranasal naloxone as a
needleless alternative for treatment of opioid overdose in the
prehospital setting." J Emerg Med
29(3): 265-71.
Bates, B. A.,
S. A. Schutzman, et al. (1994). "A comparison of intranasal sufentanil
and midazolam to intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and
chlorpromazine for conscious sedation in children." Ann Emerg Med
24(4): 646-51.
Bhattacharyya,
Kalra, et al. (2006). "Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam in acute
childhood seizures." Pediatr Neurol
34(5): 355-9.
Borland, M. L., L. J. Clark, et al. (2008). "Comparative review of the
clinical use of intranasal fentanyl versus morphine in a paediatric
emergency department." Emerg Med Australas
20(6): 515-20.
Borland, M., I.
Jacobs, et al. (2007). "A randomized controlled trial comparing
intranasal fentanyl to intravenous morphine for managing acute pain in
children in the emergency department." Ann Emerg Med
49(3): 335-40.
Carr, D. B., L.
C. Goudas, et al. (2004). "Safety and efficacy of intranasal ketamine in
a mixed population with chronic pain." Pain
110(3): 762-4.
Gharde, P., S.
Chauhan, et al. (2006). "Evaluation of efficacy of intranasal midazolam,
ketamine and their mixture as premedication and its relation with
bispectral index in children with tetralogy of fallot undergoing
intracardiac repair." Ann Card Anaesth
9(1): 25-30.
Gilchrist, F.,
A. M. Cairns, et al. (2007). "The use of intranasal midazolam in the
treatment of paediatric dental patients." Anaesthesia
62(12): 1262-5.
Good, P., K.
Jackson, et al. (2009). "Intranasal sufentanil for cancer-associated
breakthrough pain." Palliat Med
23(1): 54-8.
Harbord, M. G.,
N. E. Kyrkou, et al. (2004). "Use of intranasal midazolam to treat acute
seizures in paediatric community settings." J Paediatr Child Health
40(9-10): 556-8.
Heard, C., P.
Creighton, et al. (2009). "Intranasal flumazenil and naloxone to reverse
over-sedation in a child undergoing dental restorations." Paediatr
Anaesth 19(8): 795-7;
discussion 798-9.
Hollenhorst,
J., S. Munte, et al. (2001). "Using intranasal midazolam spray to
prevent claustrophobia induced by MR imaging." AJR Am J Roentgenol
176(4): 865-8.
Holsti, M., B.
L. Sill, et al. (2007). "Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the
treatment of pediatric seizures." Pediatr Emerg Care
23(3): 148-53.
Kelly, A. M.,
D. Kerr, et al. (2005). "Randomised trial of intranasal versus
intramuscular naloxone in prehospital treatment for suspected opioid
overdose." Med J Aust 182(1):
24-7.
Krempl, G. A.
and A. D. Noorily (1995). "Use of oxymetazoline in the management of
epistaxis." Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol
104(9 Pt 1): 704-6.
Lahat, E., M.
Goldman, et al. (2000). "Comparison of intranasal midazolam with
intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children:
prospective randomised study." Bmj
321(7253): 83-6.
Lane, R. D. and
J. E. Schunk (2008). "Atomized intranasal midazolam use for minor
procedures in the pediatric emergency department." Pediatr Emerg Care
24(5): 300-3.
Rickard, C., P.
O'Meara, et al. (2007). "A randomized controlled trial of intranasal
fentanyl vs intravenous morphine for analgesia in the prehospital
setting." Am J Emerg Med
25(8): 911-7.
Talon, M. D.,
L. C. Woodson, et al. (2009). "Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication
is comparable with midazolam in burn children undergoing reconstructive
surgery." J Burn Care Res
30(4): 599-605.
Telfer, P. T.,
C. Lahoz, et al. (2009). "Intranasal diamorphine for acute sickle cell
pain." Arch Dis Child.
Wermeling, D.
P. (2009). "Intranasal delivery of antiepileptic medications for
treatment of seizures." Neurotherapeutics
6(2): 352-8.
Wolfe, T.
(2007). "Intranasal fentanyl for acute pain: techniques to enhance
efficacy." Ann Emerg Med
49(5): 721-2.
Wolfe, T. R.,
D. E. Fosnocht, et al. (2000). "Atomized lidocaine as topical anesthesia
for nasogastric tube placement: A randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial." Ann Emerg Med
35(5): 421-5.
Wolfe, T. R.
and T. C. Macfarlane (2006). "Intranasal midazolam therapy for pediatric
status epilepticus." Am J Emerg Med
24(3): 343-6.
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